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McPherson Valley Wetlands
McPherson Valley Wetlands are a disconnected chain of marshes, wetlands, and shallow lakes in McPherson County, Kansas. Once covering a much larger area, 4,455 acres of the wetlands and surrounding prairie had been preserved by the Kansas Department of Wildlife, Parks, and Tourism as of 2011.
==History and Description==
The McPherson Valley Wetlands are a large area of scattered natural lakes and wetlands extending from five miles northwest of McPherson, Kansas for 43 miles south to Valley Center. In the late 19th century, the wetlands consisted of 52 shallow marshes comprising more than 9,000 acres of water. The largest marsh was Big Basin, more than 2,000 acres in size. None of the marshes were more than five feet deep and many of them became dry land in during the frequent droughts in the area. Two lakes, Lake Inman and Farland Lake, were among the marshes. Lake Inman, more than 100 acres in size, is Kansas's largest natural lake. The lake is in private ownership.〔"McPherson Valley Wetlands" Kansas Department of Wildlife, Parks, and Tourism. http://kdwpt.state.ks.us/news/KDWPT-Info/Locations/Wildlife-Areas/Region-4/McPherson-Valley-Wetlands, accessed 20 Sep 2012〕
The wetlands were first important for waterfowl hunters who, in the last quarter of the 19th century, killed and shipped by railroad to Kansas City and St. Louis tens of thousands of ducks and other birds for human consumption. About 1900, draining of the marshes converted most of the wetlands into farmland. However, most of the land was too low and wet to become good farmland. In 1989, the Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks began purchasing the former marshland and restoring it to its original condition using levees, canals, and water pumps. As of 2011, 4,455 acres of land had been purchased, including 1,760 acres of 51 wetlands, including Big Basin, Kubin, Little Sinkhole, and Chain of Lakes marshes, had been restored or recreated. The state of Kansas continues to purchase land from willing sellers when funds are available.〔McPherson Valley Wetlands" Kansas Department of Wildlife, Parks, and Tourism http://kdwpt.state.ks.us/news/KDWPT-Info/Locations/Wildlife-Areas/Region-4/McPherson-Valley-Wetlands, accessed 20 Sep 2012〕
Before being drained, the McPherson Valley Wetlands were comparable in importance to Cheyenne Bottoms, 60 miles west, for migrating waterfowl. More than 200 species of birds have been recorded in the wetlands, including white-faced ibis, snowy plover, peregrine falcons, and many species of ducks.〔"McPherson Valley Wetlands" http://academic.emporia.edur/aberjame/student/uttinger2/mvw.html, accessed 20 Sep 2012〕 In 1995, for the first time in 100 years, whooping cranes visited the wetlands.〔"McPherson Valley Wetlands Wildlife Area" http://kdwpt.state.ks.us/news/KDWPT-Info/Locations/Wildlife-Areas/Region-4/McPherson-Valley-Wetlands, accessed 20 Sep 2012〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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